UNDERSTANDING DYSPHAGIA
WHAT IS DYSPHAGIA?
Dysphagia, the medical term for swallowing difficulties, can impact individuals of all ages, with a higher prevalence among elders. It can be associated with various medical conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, post-stroke complications, traumatic brain injuries, and muscular disorders. Symptoms of dysphagia can range from mild discomfort to severe difficulty swallowing, which may lead to malnutrition, dehydration, and aspiration pneumonia if left unmanaged. Beyond the physical implications, dysphagia can also lead to social isolation, as individuals may avoid meals and social gatherings where eating is involved.
Multi-disciplinary approach
Within the CBHSSJB, we promote a multi-disciplinary approach when working with dysphagia. Clients benefit from the expertise of various clinicians working together, including nutritionists, speech language therapists, and occupational therapists.
IDENTIFYING SYMPTOMS
It is essential for older adults living at home and their families to be aware of the common symptoms of dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing. These include:
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Coughing or experiencing pain when swallowing.
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A sensation of food stuck in the throat.
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Unexplained weight loss.
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Excessive tearing during meals.
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Recurrent lung infections.
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Voice changes while or after eating.
Recognizing these symptoms of dysphagia enables individuals to seek appropriate medical evaluation and support.
DIET MODIFICATIONS
To make swallowing safer and more manageable, adjusting the texture and consistency of foods and liquids is often necessary. Elders experiencing dysphagia may require softer foods, thickened liquids, or meals with adapted textures to increase comfort during eating and reduce risk of lung infections. A nutritionist can assess individual needs and provide tailored dietary modifications.
SWALLOWING TECHNIQUES
Several techniques can help improve swallowing safety and efficiency. To facilitate easier swallowing, individuals can try:
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Taking smaller bites.
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Chewing food thoroughly.
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Reducing distractions during meals.
Additionally, specific exercises to strengthen swallowing muscles and strategies recommended by a speech-language therapist can be beneficial.
Eating & Positioning
Occupational therapistswork to improve the person's autonomy as well as swallowing safety and efficiency, enhance the patient’s quality of life, and reduce the risk of complications associated with dysphagia, such as lung infections. For example, they can implement proper positioning techniques during and after eating.
ORAL CARE
Ensuring proper oral hygiene after every meal helps reduce the risk of infections and supports the overall health of the elders. This includes ensuring thorough oral care regardless of whether they have natural teeth, dentures, partial dentures, no denture, or no teeth. If you have any questions about brushing techniques for teeth or denture, please refer to a dental clinic for professional guidance.
MONITORING AND SUPPORT
Ongoing monitoring by nurses and other healthcare professionals, such as homecare workers, is vital for managing dysphagia effectively. Periodic evaluations are necessary to tailor recommendations to each client’s evolving needs. Additionally, educating family members or caregivers about dysphagia management ensures they can provide proper support and ensure the elders’ safety at home.
By understanding these key aspects, clients and their families can manage their condition effectively, ensuring better health outcomes and an improved quality of life.
